अमिल्कर कबराल - राष्ट्रीय मुक्ति आंदोलन संघर्ष के अगुआ

पश्चिमी अफ्रीकी देश गिनी बिसाऊ के मुक्ति आंदोलन के नेता अमिल्कर कबराल का जन्म 12 सितंबर 1924 को बफाता नामक कस्बे में हुआ था। 1945 में उन्होंने कृषि विज्ञान की शिक्षा के लिए लिस्बन स्थित संस्थान में प्रवेश किया और 1952 में वहां से डिग्री हासिल की। उन दिनों अंगोला, मोजांबीक और गिनी बिसाऊ में पुर्तगाल का शासन था। छात्र जीवन के दौरान कबराल ने पुर्तगाल में जनतांत्रिक शक्तियों के साथ संपर्क किया और वहां के जनतांत्रिक आंदोलन में भूमिगत रूप से सक्रिय रहे। 1953 में स्वदेश लौटने पर राजधनी बिसाऊ में उन्हें कृषि इंजीनियर की नौकरी मिली। यहां भी उनकी राजनीतिक गतिविधियाँ जारी रहीं और 1955 में उन्हें सरकार विरोधी होने का आरोप लगाकर नौकरी से निकाल दिया गया और देश छोड़ने का भी हुक्म हुआ। 1955-56 में अंगोला में उन्हें एक नौकरी मिली जहां अंगोला के प्रमुख राष्ट्रवादी नेता अगोस्तिनो नेतो से मुलाकात हुई। कबराल ने अंगोला की मुक्ति के लिए बने संगठन एमपीएलए की स्थापना में नेतो की मदद की। सितंबर 1956 में कबराल ने गिनी बिसाऊ और केप वेर्दे की आजादी के लिए पीएआईजीसी नामक संगठन की स्थापना की और 1960 से सशस्त्र संघर्ष की शुरुआत कर दी। 20 जनवरी 1973 को पुर्तगाल द्वारा नियुक्त भाड़े के सैनिकों ने कबराल की हत्या की।

अब तक राजनीतिक और सैनिक दृष्टि से कबराल ने अपने संगठन को इतना शक्तिशाली बना दिया था कि पुर्तगाली शासकों के लिए अध्कि समय तक गिनी में टिके रहना संभव नहीं था। सितंबर 1973 में गिनी बिसाऊ को पूर्ण आजादी मिल गई।

अमिल्कर कबराल ने साहित्य और संस्कृति से संबंधित प्रश्नों पर बहुत विस्तार से लिखा है और राजनीतिज्ञ के साथ-साथ एक संस्कृतिकर्मी के रूप में भी उनको सारी दुनिया में सम्मान प्राप्त है। कबराल का कहना है कि कोई भी जनता जो विदेशी प्रभुत्व से अपने को मुक्त कराती है सांस्कृतिक दृष्टि से भी तभी स्वतंत्रता पा सकती है जब उत्पीड़क देश तथा अन्य देशों की संस्कृति के सकारात्मक तत्वों को बिना किसी हिचक और ग्रंथि के अपना कर वह अपनी संस्कृति के उन्नत मार्ग पर बढ़ने के लिए तैयार हो। अगर साम्राज्यवादी शासन के लिए यह जरूरी है कि वह सांस्कृतिक उत्पीड़न करे तो राष्ट्रीय मुक्ति के लिए भी जरूरी है कि वह मुक्ति आंदोलन को एक सांस्कृतिक कर्म समझे। इस आधार पर कहा जा सकता है कि राष्ट्रीय मुक्ति आंदोलन संघर्ष कर रही जनता की संस्कृति की संगठित राजनीतिक अभिव्यक्ति है।

A Village Is Greeting Every New Born Daughter With Fruit Trees

A Village In Bihar Is Greeting Every New Born Daughter With Fruit Trees! (If you remember the parade of last year’s Republic Day, Bihar State shown Exhibition on the initiative of this village)

 

There is a small, nondescript village in Bihar that has found a great way to tackle declining sex ratios, global warming and climate change, all in one go. Theirs is a solution that incorporates tradition as well as knowledge of farming and it has been in practice for decades now.
You can read detail report about this village on 

http://bit.ly/STwHgq

Rickshaw Driver (Raju Bharwad) Returns 1.90cr Cheque To GIDC

Ahmedabad: This Raju is surely a gentleman! Raju Bharwad, an Amdavadi auto rickshaw driver, has refused a cheque of Rs 1.90 crore issued in his name and his mother Baluben by the Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC) in lieu of the state government acquiring his three bighas land in the vicinity of Tata’s Nano plant in Sanand.

    Today, he lives in a small two-room house in Vejalpur with his wife, three kids and mother. Ever since the Nano plant shifting from Singur to Sanand led to land prices skyrocketing in 2010, the local police records an average 50 FIRs and 100 land-grabbing and forgery cases every month.

    In this scenario, Raju could have legally pocketed the hefty sum, but the honest driver went from pillar to post to give an undertaking that he was no longer the owner of the land. He not only gave the cheque back, but also ensured that the names of the new owners are entered into official records.

    Raju’s family owned 10 bighas of land in Sanand. Thirty years ago, his grandfather sold three bighas for around Rs 5 lakh on which 40-odd families built small tenements.

    Later, Nano happened and land prices skyrocketed. GIDC acquired land around the Nano plant at Rs 28 lakh a bigha and started paying farmers in whose names the land was registered.

    Since the new owners had failed to register their names, records still listed Raju and his mother Baluben as owners.

    “Honesty is one thing my parents taught me. I could not have used money acquired through dishonesty for my family,” says Raju. His family collectively urged him to take the right step. In fact, his mother blessed him for his righteousness. “I may earn Rs 6,000 per month but live a life of dignity. I also have four bighas of land in my name which is good enough for the future of my family,” he adds.

    Naveen Patel, deputy mamlatdar at GIDC, said, “We have witnessed many land disputes but a person returning a cheque worth Rs 1.90 crore is a first.”

Raju Bharwad lives in a small two room house in Vejalpur with his wife, three kids and mother.

A spark of an idea - paper from elephant dung

A spark of an idea took root inside Mahesh Bora’s head when he learned about the making of paper from elephant dung in Rajasthan.

It did not take long for Mahesh, a retired engineer of ‘Coal India Ltd’, to expand the idea further sitting in his home state of Assam, where an estimated 11000 elephants and over 2000 one-horned rhinoceroses are to be found.

Today, the 65-year-old is into production and sale of handmade papers and a wide range of products made from elephant and rhino dung.

The products are marketed under the brand name of ‘Elrhino’ (created by taking ‘El’ from Elephant and ‘Rhino’ from Rhinoceros).

Mahesh set up the paper making unit at Chaygaon, a village near Guwahati, which was once a hotbed of insurgency. This April, Elrhino will complete its maiden year in paper making.

Mahesh looks after the day-to-day operations at the unit, while his daughter Nisha (37) takes care of the marketing work from Mumbai.
The father-daughter duo is happy that locals have been provided jobs at their unit and their business promises to help in conservation of the endangered species of the Asian elephant and the great one-horned rhinoceros.

Local youth had initially resisted when they wanted to set up their paper unit in Chaygaon. They warned the young bank manager from granting them loan and threatened to burn the factory if they opened it.

But after Mahesh and Nisha explained the reasons for setting up the unit and the benefits they would receive, they relented.

The locals have not been disappointed. Fourteen people work at their paper making unit now, and more are involved in supplying dung. “The local boys and girls are very happy with the development and enthusiastic. Some of them are eager to even set up their own units,” says Mahesh.
Fifty kg of dung is needed to make 500 sheets of paper. “The paper is completely harmless, free of germs and polluting matter. No toxic chemicals are used and it is totally eco-friendly,” says Mahesh.

The paper project is helping in conservation efforts. Now that the elephant and rhino dung have acquired a value, villagers are more sympathetic when the animals enter their fields knocking down fences and destroying their crops.

“We collect the rhino dung from the vicinity of Pobitora and Kaziranga where they stray into paddy fields and tea gardens in search of food. They deposit their dung in the fields. Elephant dung is easy to collect as there are many domestic elephants besides the wild ones,” says Mahesh.

The process of making the paper starts with boiling the dung and then drying it in the sun. It is then re-boiled with caustic soda for removing the lignin and purifying it further.

Later, cotton hosiery rag is chopped and mixed with the dung in a Hollander beater where it turns into pulp. The pulp is made into paper and then embellishments such as flowers, silk thread, etc are added before it is couched and loft dried.

The dried paper is calendared and cut into required sizes. Products such as lamp shades, office stationery (envelopes, files, folders, paper bags), and origami are also made from the paper.

Nisha says they did not have any experience in designing but they felt they should be showing the aesthetics of Northeast and hence incorporated all natural elements in the paper.

Not surprisingly, their products have tobacco leaves, bark of betel nut, Assam silk and flowers embedded in them. Bamboo is used to craft products like lampshades and pen holders.

Nisha reveals that they are holding talks with the silk industry to use natural dye in the paper. Until now natural dyes are used only in fabric.

She wants to provide the ethnic Northeastern touch to ‘Elrhino’ products, but at the same time wants to ensure that they don’t lack the contemporary feel to appeal to buyers in cities.

In the future, they have plans to encourage the local people to operate their own paper-making units, whose products Elrhino would buy.

Shiva - From Newspaper Vendor to IIM Student

From Newspaper Vendor to IIM Student

This really Inspiring, please share this story with your growing kids and siblings, they will definitely get motivated.

During my childhood my Mamma was used to tell me so many inspiring stories, Lord Shiva’s Story was one of them, she articulated that Lord Shiva is a dedicated person who spends down to earth life, stays on mountain without any lavishing, he drank all the poison to save the world. My Mamma said “Sincerity, Hard work and Dedication Transform a Man into a Superman/God.”

A Bangalorean Boy got name ‘Shiva’ (N. Shiv Kumar) from his parents, he was earning bread for his family for distributing News Papers early in the morning to more than 300 families, he recently cracked CAT- 2012 and get admission in IIM kolkata.

A Polite and fun loving Engineering Student and son of illiterate parents was published in the newspaper which he was selling/delivering since childhood, due his grand success achieved by hard work and sincerity . Congrats the ordinary man for extraordinary work. Lets learn from the example set by shiva.

It has been engraved in stone that the key to success is hard work and there have been several persons who have proved it time and again.

Hats off to you Shiva, you made all Indian Youths Proud. 

for more detail..please click on this link...

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-15/bangalore/39281027_1_newspaper-vendor-truck-driver-iim-calcutta